|
| rabid |
adj. suffering from rabies |
| racy |
adj. (of speech, writing, etc) lively or spirited;
vivid |
| radiance |
n. quality of being radiant(1 |
| radiate |
v. send out rays of (light or heat) |
| radical |
adj. of or from the root or base; fundamental |
| radix |
That from or on which something is developed. |
| raillery |
n. good-humoured mockery or ridicule |
| ramify |
v. (fml ) (cause sth to) branch out in many directions;
make or become a network |
| ramose |
Branch-like. |
| rampant |
adj. flourishing excessively; unrestrained |
| rampart |
n. defensive wall round a fort, etc consisting of a
wide bank of earth with a path for walking along the top |
| rancor |
bitter deep-seated ill will |
| rankle |
v. cause lasting bitterness or resentment |
| rapacious |
adj. greedy, esp for money; grasping |
| rapid |
adj. moving or acting with great speed; fast |
| rapine |
n. act of seizing property by force; plundering |
| raptorial |
Seizing and devouring living prey. |
| ration |
n. fixed quantity, esp an official allowance of food,
etc in times of shortage |
| rationalism |
n. practiceof testing all religious belief and knowledge
by reason and logic |
| raucous |
adj. loud and hoarse; harsh-sounding |
| ravage |
v. damage badly; destroy |
| ravenous |
adj. very hungry |
| ravine |
n. deep narrow steep-sided valley between mountains |
| reaction |
n. ~ response to a situation, an act, an influence,
etc |
| reactionary |
n, adj opposing (esp political) progress or reform |
| readily |
adv. without hesitation; willingly |
| ready |
adj. ~ (for sth/to do sth) in a fit state for immediate
use or action; fully prepared or completed |
| realism |
n. attitudes and behaviour based on the acceptance
of facts and the rejection of sentiment and illusion |
| reassure |
v. ~ sb remove sb's fears or doubts; make sb confident
again |
| rebellious |
adj. showing a desire to rebel; not easily controlled |
| rebuff |
n. unkind or contemptuous refusal or rejection (of
an offer, request, friendly gesture, etc); snub |
| rebuild |
v. build or put (sth) together again |
| rebut |
v. prove (a charge, piece of evidence, etc) to be false;
refute ; |
| recant |
v. formally reject (a former opinion, belief, etc)
as being wrong |
| recapitulate |
v. state again or summarize the main points of |
| recapture |
v. capture again |
| recede |
v. ~ (seem to) move back from a previous position or
away from an observer |
| receivable |
adj. (commerce ) (of bills, accounts, etc) for which
money has not yet been received |
| receptive |
adj. ~ able or quick to receive new ideas, suggestions,
etc |
| recessive |
adj. (of characteristics inherited from a parent, such
as the colour of the eyes or of the hair) not appearing
in a child but remaining hidden because of the presence
of stronger characteristics , |
| recidivist |
n. person who commitscrimes repeatedly and seems unable
to be cured of criminal tendencies; persistent offender
; |
| reciprocal |
adj. given and received in return; mutual |
| reciprocate |
v. give and receive (sth) in return; exchange (sth)
mutually ; |
| reciprocity |
n. principleor practice of mutual exchange, esp of
making concessions or granting privileges, etc in return
for concessions or privileges received |
| recitation |
n. public delivery of passages of prose or poetry learnt
by heart |
| reck |
To have a care or thought for. |
| reckless |
adj. ~ (of people or their actions) not thinking of
the consequences or of danger; rash or impulsive |
| reclaim |
v. ~ sth recover possession of sth |
| recline |
v. lean or lie back in a horizontal or near-horizontal
position |
| recluse |
n. person who lives alone and avoids other people |
| recognizance |
An acknowledgment entered into before a court with
condition to do some particular act. |
| recognize |
To recall the identity of (a person or thing). |
| recoil |
v. ~ ~ (at sth) draw oneself back in fear, disgust,
etc |
| recollect |
v. succeed in calling back to the mind; remember |
| reconnoiter |
To make a preliminary examination of for military,
surveying, or geological purposes. |
| reconsider |
v. consider again, esp to change an earlier opinion,decision,
etc |
| reconstruct |
v. construct or build again, eg after damage , |
| recourse |
n. possible source of help, eg in an emergency |
| recover |
v. ~ sth find again (sth stolen, lost, etc); regain
possession of sth |
| recreant |
n, adj (person who is) cowardly, unfaithful or treacherous |
| recreate |
To refresh after labor. |
| recrudescence |
n. new outburst; recurrence |
| recrudescent |
Becoming raw or sore again. |
| recruit |
n. ~ (from sth) person who has just joined the armed
forces or police and is not yet trained |
| rectify |
v. put (sth) right; correct |
| rectitude |
n. moral correctness or straightforwardness; honesty |
| recuperate |
v. ~ (fml ) recover from illness, exhaustion or loss,
etc |
| recur |
v. happen again; happen repeatedly |
| recurrent |
adj. recurring often or regularly |
| redemption |
n. redeeming or being redeemed |
| redolence |
Smelling sweet and agreeable. |
| redolent |
adj. ~ of/with sth smelling strongly of sth |
| redoubtable |
adj. to be feared and respected; formidable |
| redound |
v. redound on sb/sth (fml ) come back on sb/sth; rebound
or recoil on sb/sth |
| redress |
v. put right (a wrong); compensate for (sth) |
| redundant |
adj. not needed; superfluous; unnecessary |
| refer |
v. (-rr-) ~ to sb/sth mention or speak of sb/sth; allude
to sb/sth |
| referee |
n. (in football, boxing, etc) official who controls
matches, prevents rules being broken, etc . |
| refinery |
n. factory, etc where sth is refined |
| reflection |
The throwing off or back of light, heat, sound, or
any form of energy that travels in waves. |
| reflector |
n. thing that reflects heat, light or sound |
| reform |
v. become or make better by removing or putting right
faults, errors, etc |
| reformer |
n. person who brings about or advocates reform |
| refract |
v. bend where it enters eg water or glass at an oblique
angle from a medium of different density |
| refractory |
adj. difficult to control or discipline; wilful or
unmanageable |
| refusal |
n. refusing or being refused |
| refute |
v. prove to be wrong |
| regale |
v. ~ sb with sth amuse or entertain sb (with stories,
jokes, etc) |
| regality |
Royalty. |
| regenerate |
v. give fresh strength or life to (sb/sth); restore |
| regent |
n. person appointed to rule a country while the monarch
is too young, old, ill, etc, or is absent |
| regicide |
n. crime of killing a king |
| regime |
n. method or system of government |
| regimen |
n. set of rules about diet, exercise, etc aimed at
improving sb's health and physical well-being |
| regiment |
n. (artillery and armour) unit divided into batteries
or squadrons |
| regnant |
Exercising royal authority in one's own right. |
| regress |
v. ~ (fml ) return to an earlier or less advanced form
or state |
| regretful |
adj. feeling or expressing regret |
| rehabilitate |
v. restore to a normal life by retraining, medical
treatment, etc, esp after imprisonment or illness |
| reign |
n. rule of a king or queen |
| reimburse |
v. ~ sth ~ sb (for sth) (usu fml ) pay back to sb (money
that he has spent, lost, etc); refund sth |
| rein |
n. long narrow strap fastened to the bit of a bridle
and used to guide and control a horse |
| reinstate |
v. ~ sb restore sb to a previous (esp important) position |
| reiterate |
v. say or do (sth) again or repeatedly |
| rejoin |
v. join again; be reunited with |
| rejuvenate |
v. restore youthful appearance, strength, etc to |
| rejuvenescence |
A renewal of youth. |
| relapse |
v. ~ fall back into a previous condition or a worse
state after making an improvement |
| relegate |
banish; consign to inferior position |
| relent |
v. decide to be less strict, determined or harsh |
| relevant |
adj. ~ (to sth/sb)connected with what is being discussed,
what is happening,what is being done, etc |
| reliance |
n. ~ on sb/sth confidence or trust in sb/sth; dependence
on sb/sth |
| reliant |
adj. ~ on sb/sth having reliance on sb/sth; dependent
on sb/sth ; |
| relinquish |
v. give up or cease to practise, feel, etc (sth); abandon |
| reliquary |
n. containerfor a relic or relics of a holy person |
| relish |
n. ~ great enjoyment of food, etc; zest |
| reluctance |
Unwillingness. |
| reluctant |
adj. ~ unwilling and therefore slow to co-operate,
agree, etc |
| remembrance |
n. remembering or being remembered; memory |
| reminiscence |
n. recalling of past events and experiences; reminiscing
; |
| reminiscent |
adj. ~ of sb/sth reminding one of or suggesting sb/sth |
| remiss |
adj. ~ (fml ) careless of one's duty; lax |
| remission |
n. pardoning or forgiveness of sins by God |
| remodel |
to alter the structure of:REMAKE |
| remonstrance |
n. remonstrating; protest ; |
| remonstrant |
Having the character of a reproof. |
| remonstrate |
v. ~ with sb; ~ against sth make a protest or complaint
about sb/sth |
| remunerate |
v. ~ sb (fml ) pay or reward sb for work or services |
| remuneration |
n. payment; reward ; |
| renaissance |
n. the Renaissance revival of art and literature in
the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, based on classical
forms 14 15 16 |
| rendezvous |
n. ~ (with sb) (place chosen for a) meeting at an agreed
time |
| rendition |
n. way in which a dramatic role or piece of music,
etc is performed; rendering |
| renovate |
v. restore to good condition |
| renunciation |
n. (formal declaration of) giving sth/sb up; renouncing |
| reorganize |
To change to a more satisfactory form of organization. |
| reparable |
adj. (of a loss, etc) that can be made good , |
| reparation |
n. ~ (for sth) compensating for damage; making amends
for loss |
| repartee |
n. sharp clever retorts |
| repeal |
v. withdraw officially; revoke ; |
| repel |
v. drive (sb/sth) back or away; repulse |
| repellent |
adj. ~ arousing distaste or disgust; repulsive |
| repentance |
n. ~ regret or sorrow for wrongdoing |
| repertory |
n. performance of various plays for short periods by
one company |
| repetition |
n. repeating or being repeated |
| repine |
v. ~ (fml ) feel or show discontent; fret |
| replenish |
v. ~ sth fill sth again |
| replete |
adj. ~ (fml ) well-fed or full; gorged |
| replica |
n. exact copy, esp one made by an artist of one of
his own pictures, etc |
| repository |
n. place where things are stored or may be found, esp
a warehouse or museum |
| reprehend |
v. criticize or rebuke (sb or sb's behaviour) |
| reprehensible |
adjdeserving to be reprehended |
| reprehension |
Expression of blame. |
| repress |
v. restrain or suppress (an impulse); check |
| reprieve |
v. postpone or cancel a punishment for (sb), esp the
death sentence |
| reprimand |
v. ~ sb rebuke sb (for a fault, etc), esp officially |
| reprisal |
n. returning an injury, esp political or military,
done to oneself; retaliation |
| reprobate |
adj. n immoral or unprincipled (person) |
| reproduce |
v. make a copy of |
| reproduction |
n. reproducing or being reproduced |
| reproof |
n. (remark, etc expressing) blame or disapproval |
| repudiate |
v. refuse to have any more to do with (sb); disown
; |
| repugnance |
n. ~ strong aversion or disgust |
| repugnant |
adj. ~ (fml ) causing a feeling of strong opposition
or dislike; abhorrent |
| repulse |
v. drive back (an attacker or an attack) by fighting;
repel ; |
| repulsive |
adj. causing a feeling of loathing or aversion; disgusting |
| repute |
v. (idm ) be reputed as/to be sb/sth be generally said
or considered to be sb/sth |
| requiem |
n. (also requiem `mass) special mass for the repose
of the soul of a dead person |
| requisite |
adj. required by circumstances or necessary for success |
| requital |
n. repayment |
| requite |
v. ~ sth (with sth) give sth in return for sth else;
repay sth |
| rescind |
v. cancel or repeal (a law, contract, etc); annul |
| resemblance |
n. ~ ~ (between A and B) (instance of) likeness or
similarity |
| resent |
v. feel bitter, indignant or angry about |
| reservoir |
n. natural or artificial lake used as a source or store
of water for a town, etc , |
| residue |
n. ~ (of sth) what remains after a part or quantity
is taken or used |
| resilience |
n. quality of being springy |
| resilient |
adj. springing back to its original form after being
bent, stretched, crushed, etc; springy , |
| resistance |
n. ~ (action of) using force to oppose sth/sb |
| resistant |
adj. ~ offering resistance |
| resistive |
Having or exercising the power of resistance. |
| resistless |
Powerless. |
| resonance |
n. quality of being resonant |
| resonate |
v. produce or show resonance |
| resource |
n. supply of raw materials, etc which bring a country,
person, etc wealth |
| respite |
n. ~ interval of rest or relief |
| resplendent |
adj. ~ (fml ) brilliant with colour or decorations;
splendid |
| respondent |
n. defendant, esp in a divorce case |
| restitution |
n. ~ (fml ) restoration of a thing to its proper owner
or original state |
| resumption |
n. (instance of) resuming (resume 1) |
| resurgent |
adj. rising or reviving after destruction, defeat,
disappearance, etc |
| resurrection |
n. the Resurrection the rising of Jesus from the tomb |
| resuscitate |
v. bring (sb/sth) back to consciousness |
| retaliate |
v. ~ repay an injury, insult, etc with a similar one |
| retch |
v. make the sounds and movements of vomiting, esp involuntarily,
but without bringing anything up from the stomach |
| retention |
n. possession or use of sth |
| reticence |
reserve; uncommunicativeness; inclination to be silent |
| reticent |
adj. ~ not revealing one's thoughts or feelings easily;
reserved |
| retinue |
n. group of attendants accompanying an important person |
| retort |
v. make a quick, witty or angry reply, esp to an accusation
or challenge |
| retouch |
v. improve or alter by removing flaws or making minor
changes |
| retract |
v. withdraw (a statement, charge, etc) |
| retrench |
v. make economies or reduce expenses |
| retrieve |
v. ~ sth (esp fml ) get possession of sth again |
| retroactive |
adj. effective from a past date |
| retrograde |
adj. going backwards |
| retrogression |
n. return to a less advanced state; decline ; |
| retrospect |
n. in retrospect looking back on a past event or situation |
| retrospective |
adj. looking back on the past |
| reunite |
v. ~ (with sb/sth) (cause sb/sth to) come together
again |
| revelation |
n. making known sth that was secret or hidden; revealing |
| revere |
v. ~ sb/sth (for sth) (fml ) feel deep respect or (esp
religious) veneration for sb/sth |
| reverent |
adj. feeling or showing reverence |
| reversion |
n. reverting |
| revert |
v. ~ to sth return to (a former state or condition) |
| revile |
v. criticize (sb/sth), in angry and abusive language
, |
| revisal |
Revision. |
| revise |
v. re-examine (sth), esp in order to correct or improve
it |
| revocation |
n. (instance of) revoking or being revoked |
| revoke |
v. withdraw or cancel (a decree, permit, etc) |
| rhapsody |
n. (often in titles ) romantic composition in irregular
form |
| rhetoric |
n. using language impressively or persuasively, esp
in public speaking |
| rhetorician |
A showy writer or speaker. |
| ribald |
adj. humorous in a vulgar, obscene or disrespectful
way |
| riddance |
n. good riddance (to sb/sth) (said to express relief,
etc at being free of an unwanted or unpleasant person
or thing ) |
| ridicule |
n. making sb/sth appear foolish or absurd; scorn |
| ridiculous |
adj. deserving to be laughed at; absurd |
| rife |
adj. (esp of bad things) widespread; common |
| rightful |
adj. just, proper or legal |
| rigmarole |
n. (unnecessarily) complicated procedure |
| rigor |
severity |
| rigorous |
adj. severe; strict |
| risible |
adj. fit to be laughed at; ridiculous |
| rivulet |
n. small stream |
| robust |
adj. vigorous; healthy and strong |
| rondo |
n. piece of music in which the main theme returns a
number of times ()() |
| rookery |
n. colony of rooks |
| rotary |
adj. (of motion) moving round a central point; circular |
| rotate |
v. move in circles round a central point |
| rote |
n. by `rote by heart; from memory, without thinking
of the meaning |
| rotund |
adj. (of a person) rounded; plump; fat |
| rudimentary |
adj. existing in an imperfect or undeveloped form |
| rue |
n. type of evergreen shrub with bitter leaves formerly
used in medicine |
| ruffian |
n. violent lawless man |
| ruminant |
n, adj that chews the cud, eg a cow |
| ruminate |
v. ~ think deeply; meditate; ponder |
| rupture |
n. (instance of) breaking apart or bursting |
| rustic |
adj. typical of the country or country people |
| ruth |
Sorrow for another's misery. |
